Cerambyx dus Fald

Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
larvae bore deeply into trunks and branches
host plants: fruit stone

Resource of Photo : http://www.cerambyx.uochb.cz/cerambyxdux.htm

Cotton Bollworm

Heliothis zea

Biology
Bollworms and budworms feed on a wide range of host plants including lespedeza, Carolina geranium, tobacco, and cotton. However, tobacco budworms rarely feed on corn, soybean, or grain sorghum which are hosts for the cotton bollworm. The eggs are laid singly and hatch in 3 to 5 days into young larvae. The larvae feed for about 16-17 days on young terminals, squares, and bolls. A generation is completed in 27 to 35 days during the summer months. Many predators and parasites prey upon the bollworm and contribute to its control particularly during the early part of the growing season. Bollworms only cause damage in the larval stage. Young larvae usually feed first on terminals and small squares and may sometimes destroy the terminal bud. This results in branching of the plant. The squares and bolls are fed upon extensively by larvae and serious damage occurs in a relatively short period of -time. Larvae feed on 6 to 7 squares and 2 to 3 bolls during their developmental period. Bolls fed upon usually rot and don't develop further

Resource: University of Arkansas • Division of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service (http://www.aragriculture.org/insects/cotton/bollworm_budworm.htm)
Resource of Foto: Bruce Marlin 2002 (http://www.cirrusimage.com/moths_heliothis.htm)

Leopard moth

Family COSSIDAE
Zeuzera pyrina (L.)

The larvae bore within the shoots; they also tunnel within stems and branches of less than 10 cm in diameter. Damage is particularly serious on young trees, some of which may be killed.
life-cycle: The biological cycle is one to three years depending on region. The female lays eggs separately or in small groups in cavities of trunks and branches of apple trees, pear trees. Larval development is protracted and lasts for up to 2 or 3 year. The frass can be found at the base of trees. The pupal stage occurs inside the gallery, in a cocoon of silk and wood debris.

Resource: A textbook of Agriculture Entomology

Entomopathogenic Fungi

See the growth of mycel and conidia of different entomopathogenic fungi on the Insects after the natural Infection.

Resource: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3t4v8PmY_Q

Khapra beetle

Trogoderma granarium (Dermestidae)

Commodities attacked: dried animal and plant material, e.g. oilseeds, processed foods, grain and grain products. Economic importance: high, especially in bagged produce in hot dry climates, persistent in storage structures and transportation and Pest of international quarantine concern. Distribution: North and West Africa to Burma and central Asia. Occasional or absent in Europe; North, North-East and South-East Asia; southern Africa; absent in Australasia and Americas.

Resource: Insects of Stored Grains, second edition, David Rees.

The red palm weevil

Coleoptera: Curculionidae
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier is a member of Coleoptera: Curculionidae. The male and female adults are large reddish brown beetles about 3 cm long and with a characteristic long curved rostrum; with strong wings, they are capable of undertaking long flights. Damage to palms is produced mainly by the larvae. Adult females lay about 200 eggs at the base of young leaves or in wounds to the leaves and trunks; the grubs feed on the soft fibers and terminal bud tissues. They reach a size of more than 5 cm before pupation. Except just before pupating, they move towards the interior of the palm making tunnels and large cavities. They can be found in any place within the palm, even in the very base of the trunk where the roots emerge. Pupation occurs generally outside the trunk, at the base of the palms. The larva pupates in a cocoon made of brown dried palm fibres. Overlapping generations with all life stages can be present within the same palm tree. Generally the adult weevils present in a palm will not move to another one while they can feed on it. Usually the damage caused by the larvae is visible only long after infection, and by the time the first symptoms of the attack appear, they are so serious that they generally result in the death of the tree.

Resource: Journal of the International Palm Society Vol. 46, No 4, Palms (formerly Principes)

Resource of Photo: www.agrotecnici-napolicaserta.com/curculionid

Capnodis miliaris (Klug)

(Coleoptera, Buprestidae)
Capnodis miliaris is found predominantly in Syria, Turkey, Iran and Iraq, but is also reported from the south of Italy. This is a large (30-40mm long) black, wood boring beetle, covered by a whitish deposit. C. miliaris principally attacks water-stressed trees, and prefers plantations suffering from drought. The larvae overwinter between the trunk and the bark. Theyoung adults appear between June and July of the following year to feed on leaves and young shoots, then spend the winter in the ground. There is only one generation every two year. Other important species in Syria Capnodis carbonaria (Klug)

Resource: Cavalcaselle B., 1971. Osservazioni preliminari sulla presenza del Capnodis miliaris (Klug) in Calabria. Cellulosa e Carta, 1: 15-79